Abstract

We, the pediatric urologists, perform bladder neck surgery for urinary incontinence mainly in two groups of patients in our pediatric practice: exstrophia vesicae-epispadias complex and neuropathic bladder. The results are far from excellence although we have a lot of experience. In this article, I have focused on our knowledge of urinary sphincter that provides a basis to our surgical interventions and the approach of other specialists that take care of adult patients, by reviewing the embriology, anatomy, physiology and gender-related differences in the anatomy, and the physiology of the bladder neck.