Abstract

Ureteroneocystostomy using open surgery is being performed for many years in the management of vesicoureteral reflux with higher success and lower complication rates. Subureteric injection is a minimally invasive treatment alternative but has not replaced open surgery. Laparoscopic, transvesicoscopic and finally robot- assisted ureteroneocystostomy are the current minimally invasive techniques despite limited experience and scarce number of long-term results. Technical advances in endoscopic equipments, production of flexible-tipped instruments, three dimensional view, and assistance of a robot provide the surgeon a manuplation opportunity comparable to open operation and some of their characteristic features confer the surgeon more effective application of these procedures. Minimally invasive approaches, and especially robotic surgery will possibly replace open surgery in near future.